Alcohol and Other Drugs Counseling

Question: Discuss about theAlcohol and Other Drugs Counseling. Answer: Introduction: Integrative Statement Substance use is highly prevalent in Australia and other countries. Drug and alcohol abuse is highly documented in the population of Aboriginals, non- Aboriginals ad Torres Strait Islanders. Alcohol and drug abuse lead to chronic disorders caused by environmental, psychosocial, and genetic factors which influence their development and manifestation. The pattern of use among the substance users is recognized to be an impaired control over drug or alcohol consumption, excessive use in spite of the adverse health consequences, distorted thinking and mainly denial. In addition to, psychological and physical health problems, there is social, economic impact associated with increased dependency on drug and alcohol. The treatment for substance use disorders consists of the range of psychological approaches to meet clients needs by providing the best response. The treatment process is oriented with the goal of reducing health risks or ceasing the substance use. Case Study of Cecile The issues identified in the case of Cecile are the high level of alcohol dependency, low social connectedness, and depression due to an end of long term relationship and unable to seek parental help. The treatment options that are suitable based on her preference of counseling include: Brief interventions consisting of 5-30 minutes consisting of assessment phase and use of FRAMES approach which stands for Feedback, Responsibility, Advice, Menu, Empathy, and Self-efficiency (Shearer Byford, 2015). Contingency Management (CM) -Therapists help clients in active participation to reduce alcohol abuse by providing incentives. Incentives may be prizes, movie tickets, food items and in turn, the client must remain abstain from alcohol abuse (McLeod, 2013). Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) - Therapist motivates client to participate in the treatment, and elicits "self-motivational statements to trigger an internal change. It usually consists of two more sessions and is useful in all the stages of treatment including relapse prevention (JR Stewart et al., 2015). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)- therapist teaches coping skills and adverse outcomes of alcohol abuse. Therapist help overcomes distorted thinking pattern, massive depression and craving (Graham Reynolds, 2013). Self help groups- it includes participating in Group therapy or peer support programs (Larimer, 2013). Rationale Cecile will apply to MET as it is recognized as the best method for reducing alcohol abuse and depression. CM will be best for her as she does not want her parent to be aware of her alcohol abuse. It will help her resist addiction and earn incentives. CBT is useful as research provides evidence that this method is effective in stress management and depression (Graham Reynolds, 2013). Duration The total duration of her treatment may be 12 months at least to achieve a stage of no relapse. Relapse prevention is required as she consumes excess alcohol and has serious psychological issues such as anxiety and depression. Twelve step approaches is best suitable for her considering her psychological issues. Case Study of Jimmy The issues identified in the case of Jimmy are the high level of alcohol dependency, lack of family and care, poor mental and physical health. The treatment options that are suitable for Jimmy include: Brief interventions, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Contingency Management. Jimmy also needs rehabilitation programme. Rationale Initial treatment may start with brief interventions as the addiction level is high. As Jimmy is homeless, earning incentive via CM is helpful for him, and he can practice abstinence from alcohol. He requires CBT to cultivate positive behavior, needs empathy as he is devoid of parental care. Group therapy sessions provide awareness related to adverse consequences of relapse and further alcohol consumption. Duration Jimmy may require more than three years of treatment before he achieves a stage where he will not relapse. He needs to recover both physically and mentally. The psychological issues during counseling: anxiety, anger, violent behavior, and burnout and experience muscle tension and high level of relapse. Relapse Prevention Includes: A Twelve step approach- developed by AA, consists of series of measures of self-evaluation, gaining the power to control craving and helping others to prevent relapse (Larimer, 2013). Jimmy requires inpatient services in the rehab that include the process of detoxification and recovery combined with pharmaceutical therapy (JR Stewart et al., 2015). Case Study of Ahmed The issues identified in the case of Ahmed are a high level of drug dependency (heroin), less connected to parents, maladapted behavior such as stealing. The treatment options that are suitable based on her preference of counseling include: The treatment options that are suitable for Jimmy include: Brief interventions, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Contingency Management, Self help groups for reducing drug addiction. Rationale Ahmed needs CM, CBT, because of the benefits already mentioned above. CM will help him in reducing his habit of stealing. Self help groups are useful for positivity by engaging in discussions with different people with similar problems. The psychological issues during counseling: anxiety, anger, violent behavior, and burnout. He may also experience pain in the spinal cord, muscle tension and high level of relapse. Duration Since his level of abuse is high he might consume more than three years to attain a stage of "no relapse". Relapse prevention plan for Ahmed will A Twelve step approach is best method for her to gain the power to control craving and helping others to prevent relapse (Larimer, 2013). Ahmed requires inpatient services in the rehab that include the process of detoxification combined with pharmaceutical therapy (JR Stewart et al., 2015). References Bowen, S., Witkiewitz, K., Clifasefi, S. L., Grow, J., Chawla, N., Hsu, S. H., ... Larimer, M. E. (2014). Relative efficacy of mindfulness-based relapse prevention, standard relapse prevention, and treatment as usual for substance use disorders: a randomized clinical trial.JAMA Psychiatry,71(5), 547-556 Graham, P., Reynolds, S. (2013).Cognitive behaviour therapy for children and families. Cambridge University Press. JR Stewart, B., Sindicich, N., Turnbull, D., M. Andrews, J., A. Mikocka-Walus, A. (2014). Changes in Australian injecting drug users mental health problems and service uptake from 2006-2012.Advances in Dual Diagnosis,7(4), 151-161. Larimer, M. (2013). Preventing alcohol abuse in college students: A harm-reduction approach.Alcohol problems among adolescents: Current directions in prevention research, 147. McLeod, J. (2013).An introduction to counselling. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Shearer, J., Tie, H., Byford, S. (2015). Economic evaluations of contingency management in illicit drug misuse programmes: a systematic review.Drug and alcohol review,34(3), 289-298. Sobell, L. C., Sobell, M. B., Ward, E. (Eds.). (2013).Evaluating alcohol and drug abuse treatment effectiveness: Recent advances. Elsevier.